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| children = Anthony Dion Fay (February 5, 1932 – May 17, 2006)}} Barbara Stanwyck (née Ruby Catherine Stevens; July 16, 1907 – January 20, 1990) was an American actress. She was a film and television star, known during her 60-year career as a consummate and versatile professional with a strong, realistic screen presence, and a favorite of directors including Cecil B. DeMille, Fritz Lang and Frank Capra. After a short but notable career as a stage actress in the late 1920s, she made 85 films in 38 years in Hollywood, before turning to television. Orphaned at the age of four and partially raised in foster homes, by 1944 Stanwyck had become the highest-paid woman in the United States. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress four times, for ''Stella Dallas'' (1937), ''Ball of Fire'' (1941), ''Double Indemnity'' (1944) and ''Sorry, Wrong Number'' (1948). For her television work, she won three Emmy Awards, for ''The Barbara Stanwyck Show'' (1961), ''The Big Valley'' (1966) and ''The Thorn Birds'' (1983). ''The Thorn Birds'' also won her a Golden Globe. She received an Honorary Oscar at the 1982 Academy Award ceremony and the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1986. She was also the recipient of honorary lifetime awards from the American Film Institute (1987), the Film Society of Lincoln Center (1986), the Los Angeles Film Critics Association (1981) and the Screen Actors Guild (1967). Stanwyck received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 and was ranked as the 11th greatest female star of classic American cinema by the American Film Institute.〔 ''American Film Institute''. Retrieved: November 17, 2011.〕 ==Early life== Barbara Stanwyck was born Ruby Catherine Stevens on July 16, 1907, in Brooklyn, New York.〔Madsen 1994, p. 8.〕 She was the fifth and youngest child of Catherine Ann (née McPhee) and Byron E. Stevens. Her parents were working class. Her father was a native of Massachusetts and her mother was an immigrant from Nova Scotia.〔Callahan 2012, pp. 5–6.〕〔("Ruby Catherine Stevens "Barbara Stanwyck." ) ''Rootsweb''; retrieved April 17, 2012.〕 Ruby was of English and Scottish ancestry, by her father and mother, respectively.〔 When she was four, her mother died of complications from a miscarriage after a drunken stranger accidentally knocked her off a moving streetcar.〔Callahan 2012, p. 6.〕 Two weeks after the funeral, Byron Stevens joined a work crew digging the Panama Canal and was never seen again.〔Madsen 1994, p. 9.〕 Ruby and her brother, Byron, were raised by their elder sister Mildred, who was only five years older than Ruby.〔 When Mildred got a job as a showgirl, Ruby and Byron were placed in a series of foster homes (as many as four in a year), from which young Ruby often ran away.〔Nassour and Snowberger 2000. 〕 During the summers of 1916 and 1917, Ruby toured with Mildred, and practiced her sister's routines backstage.〔 Watching the movies of Pearl White, whom Ruby idolized, also influenced her drive to be a performer.〔Callahan 2012, p. 222.〕 At age 14, she dropped out of school to take a job wrapping packages at a department store in Brooklyn.〔Prono 2008, p. 240.〕 Ruby never attended high school, "although early biographical thumbnail sketches had her attending Brooklyn's famous Erasmus Hall High School."〔Madsen 1994, p. 11.〕 Soon after, she took a job filing cards at the Brooklyn telephone office for a salary of $14 a week, a salary that allowed her to become financially independent.〔Madsen 1994, pp. 11–12.〕 She disliked both jobs; her real interest was to enter show business even as her sister Mildred discouraged the idea. She then took a job cutting dress patterns for '' Vogue'' magazine, but because customers complained about her work, she was fired.〔Madsen 1994, p. 12.〕 Her next job was as a typist for the Jerome H. Remick Music Company, a job she reportedly enjoyed. However, her continuing ambition was to work in show business and her sister finally gave up trying to dissuade her.〔Madsen 1994, pp. 12–13.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barbara Stanwyck」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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